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German comparative and superlative A2

CEFR A2

What you will learn

  • Recognise the pattern taught in “German comparative and superlative A2” in a short example.
  • Choose the appropriate form from “German comparative and superlative A2” using explicit evidence.
  • Apply and justify the rule from “German comparative and superlative A2” in a new case.

The idea

The comparative marks difference with -er and commonly links the second term with als; equality uses so ... wie, while the superlative has a predicative am ...-sten form and an inflected attributive form.

The productive formation is adjective + -er: schnell→schneller, ruhig→ruhiger. The predicative/adverbial superlative uses am + stem + -(e)sten: am schnellsten, am ruhigsten. Insert -e- where pronunciation requires it, as in breit→am breitesten. Do not double an ending when the stem already ends in -er or -el: teuer→teurer, dunkel→dunkler.

Only a limited set, especially several monosyllables with a, o or u, takes an umlaut; not every short adjective does. Learn the forms: alt→älter→am ältesten, groß→größer→am größten, jung→jünger→am jüngsten, kalt→kälter→am kältesten, kurz→kürzer→am kürzesten. No universal classroom rule can be based on word length alone.

Frequent irregular series are gut→besser→am besten, viel→mehr→am meisten and gern→lieber→am liebsten. hoch loses c in höher, and nah gives näher/am nächsten. These cannot be derived by mechanically adding -er.

Difference uses als: Der Zug ist schneller als der Bus. Equality uses (genau) so ... wie. A comparative before a noun still inflects: ein schnellerer Zug; der schnellere Zug. Comparative -er belongs to the stem, after which the appropriate adjective ending is added.

regular

elementoforma
1schnell → schneller → am schnellsten
2ruhig → ruhiger → am ruhigsten
3breit → breiter → am breitesten
4teuer → teurer → am teuersten
5dunkel → dunkler → am dunkelsten

umlaut limitado

elementoforma
1alt → älter → am ältesten
2groß → größer → am größten
3jung → jünger → am jüngsten
4kalt → kälter → am kältesten
5kurz → kürzer → am kürzesten

irregulares frecuentes

elementoforma
1gut → besser → am besten
2viel → mehr → am meisten
3gern → lieber → am liebsten
4hoch → höher → am höchsten
5nah → näher → am nächsten

comparacion

elementoforma
diferenciacomparativo + als
igualdad(genau) so + positivo + wie
atributivobase comparativa + terminación de declinación

How it sounds

  • Dieses Regal ist breiter als das andere.breit forms breiter and difference is linked with als.
  • Beide Wege sind gleich lang.Equality can also be expressed lexically with gleich; it does not require a comparative.
  • Sie nimmt den kürzeren Weg.kürzer is the comparative stem and -en is the weak attributive adjective ending.
Three trees of one species have three heights, while two others have exactly equal height.
A common baseline shows smaller, larger, maximum and equality without changing species.

Your turn

Two or three, to check that the bit above landed.

  1. Use this image

    Der März war ___ als der Februar. (warm)

    wärmer — warm belongs to the umlaut set: wärmer; als introduces the unequal comparison term.

  2. Use this image

    Von allen Angeboten ist dieses ___. (gut)

    am besten — The irregular predicative superlative of gut is am besten.

  3. Use this image

    Dieses Zimmer ist genauso hell ___ das andere.

    wie — genauso ... wie expresses equality; als is used here for difference.

When it doesn't hold

What breaks the rule, said out loud. Hiding it is what makes you feel cheated in the exam.

  • Adjectives ending in -er or -el drop an e when the ending is added.teuer, aber: teurer
  • Those ending in -d, -t, -s or -z insert an e before the -sten.am härtesten, am heißesten
  • immer plus a comparative says something keeps increasing.Es wird immer kälter.

What your own language pushes you to say

Wrong Er ist größer wie ich.

Right Er ist größer als ich.

English uses than for comparison and as for equality, and the two German words get swapped because wie looks like the wrong one. With a comparative it is always als.