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lassen: leave, allow and have something done

CEFR B2

What you will learn

  • Recognise the pattern taught in “lassen: leave, allow and have something done” in a short example.
  • Choose the appropriate form from “lassen: leave, allow and have something done” using explicit evidence.
  • Apply and justify the rule from “lassen: leave, allow and have something done” in a new case.

The idea

lassen changes frame depending on whether it is a lexical verb or governs another infinitive. The visible form may be the same, but its participants and Perfekt are not.

As a lexical verb, lassen can mean leaving something in a place, not taking it along or stopping an action, depending on the complement: Ich lasse die Jacke im Auto; Lass das! There is no second infinitive in this use. Its regular Perfekt is hat gelassen: Ich habe meine Jacke im Zug gelassen.

With an accusative plus a bare infinitive, lassen can express permission or causation. Die Eltern lassen das Kind draußen spielen means that they allow the child to play; Wir lassen die Anlage prüfen means that we arrange for someone to inspect the system. Syntax alone does not identify the exact relationship: subject type, action and context distinguish allowing from commissioning.

The participant carrying out the infinitive's action commonly appears in the accusative: Ich lasse den Techniker die Anlage prüfen. If the infinitive's object is a body part or something associated with a beneficiary, a dative is common: Ich lasse mir die Haare schneiden. mir is the beneficiary and die Haare is the object of schneiden.

The reflexive construction sich lassen + infinitive expresses possibility or feasibility and is often close to a passive with können: Das Problem lässt sich lösen is approximately equivalent to Das Problem kann gelöst werden. It does not state who performs the action and must not be confused with literally allowing oneself to undergo something.

The Perfekt separates two patterns. Standalone lassen uses gelassen; when it governs another infinitive it appears as an Ersatzinfinitiv: Wir haben die Heizung prüfen lassen, not prüfen gelassen. In a subordinate clause, the auxiliary precedes the infinitive block: weil wir die Heizung haben prüfen lassen. To solve a form, first locate whether there is a dependent infinitive; that decision determines both meaning and Perfekt form.

presente

elementoforma
1ich · lasse
2du · lässt
3er/sie/es · lässt
4wir · lassen
5ihr · lasst
6sie/Sie · lassen

preterito

elementoforma
1ich · ließ
2du · ließest
3er/sie/es · ließ
4wir · ließen
5ihr · ließt
6sie/Sie · ließen

perfekt lexico

elementoforma
1ich · habe gelassen
2du · hast gelassen
3er/sie/es · hat gelassen
4wir · haben gelassen
5ihr · habt gelassen
6sie/Sie · haben gelassen

marcos de valencia

elementoforma
1dejar/conservar · lassen + acusativo + predicativo/lugar · die Tür offen lassen
2permitir · lassen + acusativo agente + infinitivo · das Kind spielen lassen
3encargar · lassen + objeto + infinitivo · die Heizung prüfen lassen
4beneficiario · dativo + objeto + infinitivo · mir die Haare schneiden lassen
5posibilidad · sich lassen + infinitivo · Das lässt sich erklären.

perfekt con infinitivo

elementoforma
1causativo · wir haben die Anlage prüfen lassen · weil wir die Anlage haben prüfen lassen
2permiso · sie hat das Kind spielen lassen · weil sie das Kind hat spielen lassen
3beneficiario · ich habe mir die Haare schneiden lassen · weil ich mir die Haare habe schneiden lassen

How it sounds

  • Lass bitte die Tür offen.offen describes the state to be maintained.
  • Die Chefin lässt den Bericht überarbeiten.The manager commissions the revision; überarbeiten has no zu.
  • Die Datei lässt sich nicht öffnen.sich lassen presents opening the file as impossible in that context.
A device moves from a home to a service station and returns inspected in a clear chain without people.
The subject does not always perform the action: it may allow or arrange it.

Your turn

Two or three, to check that the bit above landed.

  1. Use this image

    Wir lassen das Messgerät morgen ___.

    kalibrieren — Causative lassen governs a bare infinitive: we arrange for the device to be calibrated.

  2. Use this image

    Die Datei lässt sich leicht ___.

    archivieren — sich lassen + infinitive expresses feasibility: archiving is possible and easy.

  3. Use this image

    Wo ist der Schlüssel? — Ich habe ihn ___.

    im Büro gelassen — Here lassen is lexical and governs no other infinitive, so its Perfekt uses gelassen.

When it doesn't hold

What breaks the rule, said out loud. Hiding it is what makes you feel cheated in the exam.

  • In the imperative, lassen forms the collective proposal: let us go.Lass uns gehen!
  • With an object and no verb, lassen means leave alone.Lass mich in Ruhe.
  • A very common set phrase: it can be done, it is feasible.Das lässt sich machen.

What your own language pushes you to say

Wrong Ich mache mein Auto reparieren.

Right Ich lasse mein Auto reparieren.

English uses «have» or «get» for this —«I have my car repaired»— and the closest German word looks like machen, so the wrong verb gets picked for a structure that only lassen can carry.