CEFR B2
What you will learn
- Retrieve a governed preposition as part of the verb pattern rather than translating it independently.
- Distinguish verb meanings that change when a preposition is added or replaced.
- Carry the governed preposition before interrogatives and relative pronouns.
Before you start
- Have studied “The present tense: three endings to start speaking”.
The idea
In “depender de”, de is not chosen because the following noun has a universal meaning. It is selected by this verbal sense and must travel with it into a question or relative clause: “¿De qué depende?” and “el factor del que depende”. Learn a usable entry: verb + preposition + meaning + one new noun. A bare translation often hides the required link.
A governed de remains before a noun or que-clause when the verb requires it: “Me alegro de que vengas.” A direct content clause after a verb such as creer does not acquire de: “Creo que funciona.”
The labels queísmo and dequeísmo describe missing or intrusive de, but the repair comes from recovering the actual predicate. Substitute a noun phrase or eso while preserving the sense: “me alegro de eso” supports de que; “creo eso” supports a direct que-clause without de.
High-value governed patterns
| pattern | controlled meaning | transferable frame |
|---|---|---|
| acordarse de algo | remember | Nos acordamos de la cita. |
| depender de algo | be contingent on | El plazo depende del permiso. |
| confiar en alguien / algo | place trust in | Confío en este método. |
| insistir en algo / en hacer algo | persist in | Insistieron en repetir la medición. |
| soñar con algo / con hacer algo | dream of | Sueña con abrir un taller. |
| convertirse en algo | become | El almacén se convirtió en museo. |
| preocuparse por algo | be concerned about | Se preocupa por el consumo. |
Preposition plus relative forms
| antecedent | short form | explicit form | model |
|---|---|---|---|
| thing | preposition + que | preposition + el / la / los / las que | el tema del que hablamos |
| person | preposition + quien(es) | preposition + el / la / los / las que | la técnica en quien confiamos |
| thing or proposition | preposition + lo que | preposition + lo cual | la razón por la cual protestaron |
| place | en donde / donde | en el / la que | el barrio en el que viven |
Article choice agrees with the antecedent, not with the speaker or the verb. Register and the specific preposition influence which relative form is most natural.
How it sounds
- Se acordó de la clave.
- ¿Con quién sueñas trabajar?
- La medida en la que insistieron fue aceptada.
Check objective 1Another case
Retrieve the governed preposition in depender ___ un requisito.
Retrieve the governed preposition in insistir ___ el acuerdo.
Answer available without interaction
Answer: de — Depender is learned with its governed preposition de.
Depender is learned with its governed preposition de.
Answer: en — Insistir is learned with its governed preposition en.
Insistir is learned with its governed preposition en.
Check objective 2Another case
A proposed answer is “De” for this case: “Use the project and exactly two external toolboxes. Para terminar a tiempo, contamos De dos equipos externos.”. Choose the only valid form.
A proposed answer is “en” for this case: “Use the project and exactly two external toolboxes. Para terminar a tiempo, contamos en dos equipos externos.”. Choose the only valid form.
Answer available without interaction
Answer: con — The intended meaning is rely on or have available, so contar selects con. The noun is plural, but that does not change the governed preposition.
The intended meaning is rely on or have available, so contar selects con. The noun is plural, but that does not change the governed preposition.
Answer: con — The intended meaning is rely on or have available, so contar selects con. The noun is plural, but that does not change the governed preposition.
The intended meaning is rely on or have available, so contar selects con. The noun is plural, but that does not change the governed preposition.
Check objective 3Another case
A proposed answer is “Con” for this case: “Use the prerequisite chain. ¿Con qué requisito depende el resultado? Supply the initial preposition with its capital letter.”. Choose the only valid form.
A proposed answer is “En” for this case: “Use the prerequisite chain. ¿En qué requisito depende el resultado? Supply the initial preposition with its capital letter.”. Choose the only valid form.
Answer available without interaction
Answer: De — Depender selects de. Spanish fronts the entire relation before interrogative qué, so the question begins ¿De qué...?.
Depender selects de. Spanish fronts the entire relation before interrogative qué, so the question begins ¿De qué...?.
Answer: De — Depender selects de. Spanish fronts the entire relation before interrogative qué, so the question begins ¿De qué...?.
Depender selects de. Spanish fronts the entire relation before interrogative qué, so the question begins ¿De qué...?.
What your own language pushes you to say
Wrong ¿Qué depende el resultado de?
Right ¿De qué depende el resultado?
Spanish normally fronts the governed preposition together with the interrogative.
Challenge: apply every rule
Solve every case and justify each choice: 1) Retrieve the governed preposition in depender ___ un requisito. 2) A proposed answer is “De” for this case: “Use the project and exactly two external toolboxes. Para terminar a tiempo, contamos De dos equipos externos.”. Choose the only valid form. 3) A proposed answer is “con” for this case: “Use the prerequisite chain. ¿con qué requisito depende el resultado? Supply the initial preposition with its capital letter.”. Choose the only valid form.
Answer available without interaction
- Retrieve a governed preposition as part of the verb pattern rather than translating it independently.
- Distinguish verb meanings that change when a preposition is added or replaced.
- Carry the governed preposition before interrogatives and relative pronouns.
Answer: de · con · De
Depender is learned with its governed preposition de. The intended meaning is rely on or have available, so contar selects con. The noun is plural, but that does not change the governed preposition. Depender selects de. Spanish fronts the entire relation before interrogative qué, so the question begins ¿De qué...?.
Curriculum alignment and sources
- B2 accuracy and connected discourse require control of frequent lexical-syntactic patterns; this inventory is editorial, not a CEFR grammar list. · CEFR descriptors search
- The B2 inventory supports preposition-fronted interrogative and relative structures. The lexical verb clusters are a traceable editorial consolidation of the canonical unit, not claimed as a literal closed PCIC list. · ic-pcic-grammar-b1-b2