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Pour or parce que: purpose and cause

CEFR A2

What you will learn

  • Separate the cause (parce que) from the aim (pour) of an action and keep what is pending.
  • Repair a pour + infinitive that gives the action to the wrong person.
  • Tell a stated aim apart from a cause nobody confirms.

Before you start

  • Present tense of être, avoir and frequent -er verbs; subject pronouns and ne… pas. At A2, basic passé composé and imparfait.

The idea

A purpose explains what you act for, but does not prove the result has been achieved.

Pour + infinitive expresses purpose: je téléphone pour réserver. The caller is also the person intending to book. Parce que introduces a cause with a subject and verb: je téléphone parce que le site est fermé. The cause explains the call; the purpose says what is sought.

A message may require both relations, and they are not interchangeable. Je prends un parapluie parce qu’il pleut gives a known cause. Je prends un parapluie pour rester au sec gives a purpose; carrying it does not prove the clothes are dry.

Here the action and purpose infinitive keep the same subject. If a different person must act, name both people in separate sentences. Pour + infinitive does not automatically assign the intended action to the recipient. Pour que with the subjunctive is outside this lesson.

Cases and forms

SituationFrench formReference or scope
Cause connueJe reste parce qu’il pleut.fait qui explique la décision
But viséJe lis pour apprendre.résultat recherché
Résultat connuJ’ai appris trois mots.fait accompli, distinct du but

How it sounds

  • Louise part pour acheter du pain ; elle n’en a pas encore acheté.The purpose belongs to Louise. Leaving and purchasing are different events: seeking bread does not establish that she has bought it.

Apply decision 1

[P1.O1] Sami veut lire ce soir, mais son livre est resté chez sa sœur. [P2.O1] Il appelle sa sœur ; il veut lui demander le livre. [P3.O1] Sa sœur n’a pas encore répondu ; elle est au travail. Explain Sami’s call in French in two sentences: one with its cause and one with its aim. Do not say he already has the book.

Answer available without interaction

Answer: Your answer in French: Sami appelle sa sœur parce que son livre est chez elle. Il l’appelle pour demander le livre, mais elle n’a pas encore répondu.

Model answer: Sami appelle sa sœur parce que son livre est chez elle. Il l’appelle pour demander le livre, mais elle n’a pas encore répondu.

Criteria for reviewing your answer:

  • Preserve who acts and the case facts; add no information.
  • The cause takes parce que + subject and verb; the aim takes pour + infinitive with the same subject (Sami).
  • Asking is not receiving: the sister’s answer is still pending.

The book at his sister’s explains why he calls; asking for it is what he wants. The result does not exist yet.

Apply decision 2

[P1.O1] Hugo est malade ; il veut lire un roman à la maison. [P2.O1] Amina, sa voisine, passe à la bibliothèque et prend le roman. [P3.O1] Un message dit : « Amina apporte le roman à Hugo pour lire. » Repair the message in French, without pour que: one sentence explaining why Amina brings the book and another saying who will read it.

Answer available without interaction

Answer: Your answer in French: Amina apporte le roman à Hugo parce qu’il est malade. C’est Hugo qui veut le lire, pas Amina.

Model answer: Amina apporte le roman à Hugo parce qu’il est malade. C’est Hugo qui veut le lire, pas Amina.

Criteria for reviewing your answer:

  • Preserve who acts and the case facts; add no information.
  • Pour + infinitive would make Amina the reader: with another subject use parce que + full clause or a separate sentence.
  • The reading is Hugo’s, not Amina’s.

With pour + infinitive, the reader would be whoever brings the book. Parce que allows a different subject (il = Hugo); a separate sentence for Hugo also works.

Apply decision 3

[P1.O1] Luc écrit : « Je vais au parc. Je veux voir Nora là-bas. » [P2.O1] Il est encore dans le bus. [P3.O1] Nora ne répond pas à ses messages depuis ce matin. Correct in French “Luc va au parc parce que Nora est déjà là”: rephrase what Luc says in one sentence and explain in French what we do not know.

Answer available without interaction

Answer: Your answer in French: Luc va au parc pour voir Nora.; Your explanation in French: Nora ne répond pas : on ne sait pas si elle est au parc. C’est le but de Luc, pas une cause confirmée.

Model answer: Luc va au parc pour voir Nora.

Criteria for reviewing your answer:

  • Preserve who acts and the case facts; add no information.
  • Join Luc’s two sentences with pour + infinitive: going to the park is the means and seeing Nora the aim.
  • Do not present Nora’s presence as a cause: nobody confirms it.

Model answer: Nora ne répond pas : on ne sait pas si elle est au parc. C’est le but de Luc, pas une cause confirmée.

Criteria for reviewing your answer:

  • Explain that Nora’s presence is unconfirmed and that seeing Nora is an aim.

Luc states his aim; Nora’s presence is not confirmed (she is not answering), so it cannot be presented as a known cause.

When it doesn't hold

What breaks the rule, said out loud. Hiding it is what makes you feel cheated in the exam.

  • If the person acting changes, pour + infinitive does not work: with another subject use parce que + clause or two sentences.Paul prête son vélo à Inès pour aller au marché (c’est Inès qui y va). → Paul prête son vélo à Inès parce qu’elle veut aller au marché.

What your own language pushes you to say

Wrong Il lit pour comprendre ; donc il a compris.

Right Il lit pour comprendre ; on ne sait pas encore s’il a compris.

Pour expresses what is sought, not what has been achieved. The result needs its own evidence.

Combine the decisions

[P1.O1] Le train de Maya part à midi. [P2.O1] Son ami Éloi n’a pas de billet ; il veut aller à Lyon avec elle. [P3.O1] À onze heures, Maya et Éloi vont à la gare ; Éloi n’a pas encore acheté son billet. Write a three-sentence message for Maya’s mother: why Maya goes to the station, what Éloi goes there for and whether he already has a ticket.

Answer available without interaction
  • Preserve who acts and the case facts; add no information.
  • The cause of Maya’s trip takes parce que + clause (son train part à midi).
  • Éloi’s aim takes pour + infinitive with Éloi as subject; the purchase is still pending.

Answer: Maya va à la gare parce que son train part à midi. Éloi va à la gare pour acheter un billet. Il n’a pas encore son billet.

The cause belongs to Maya and the aim to Éloi: each relation has its own subject. Going to buy does not prove the purchase.

Curriculum alignment and sources

Continue along this corridor

Practise this: Verbs with à, with de and with nothingThe verb and its preposition: à, de or none