Skip to content
edumaterial.netChange language

Back to German

Collocations and function-verb constructions

CEFR C1

What you will learn

  • Recognise a collocation as a conventional lexical combination and learn it as a unit.
  • Distinguish a lexical collocation from a function-verb construction and explain its register or phase value.

The idea

A collocation is a combination that a speech community selects conventionally. A sentence may be understandable and grammatical yet fail to be the usual choice: German uses eine Entscheidung treffen, eine Frage stellen and Kritik üben. C1 control means managing such associations and selecting them for context, not collecting isolated verbs.

Collocation is the broad term. It includes conventional pairings such as ein Versprechen halten, Maßnahmen ergreifen, eine Rolle spielen and Verantwortung übernehmen. The verb retains part of its meaning, but free substitution changes naturalness or sense. Record the article, case, preposition and verb form together with the noun.

A Funktionsverbgefüge is a more specific construction. A semantically weakened verb combines with an abstract noun or prepositional group carrying the lexical core: zur Verfügung stellen, zur Kenntnis nehmen, in Bewegung geraten. The verb can still signal state, onset or causation; it is not simply empty. Some constructions have a nearby simple verb, but the equivalence is not always complete.

These constructions are especially frequent in specialist and administrative texts, but a longer phrase is not automatically better German. Register, precision and process phase decide. etwas prüfen names the action; etwas zur Prüfung vorlegen presents the step of submitting something for examination. Compare function and context instead of mechanically nominalising every verb.

Combinations learned as units

{'es': 'Sustantivo', 'pt': 'Substantivo', 'it': 'Sostantivo', 'en': 'Noun'}{'es': 'Verbo seleccionado', 'pt': 'Verbo selecionado', 'it': 'Verbo selezionato', 'en': 'Selected verb'}{'es': 'Ejemplo', 'pt': 'Exemplo', 'it': 'Esempio', 'en': 'Example'}
eine Entscheidungtreffeneine schwierige Entscheidung treffen
eine Fragestelleneine präzise Frage stellen
ein Versprechenhaltenein gegebenes Versprechen halten
Kritikübensachliche Kritik üben
Maßnahmenergreifenwirksame Maßnahmen ergreifen
Verantwortungübernehmenpersönliche Verantwortung übernehmen

The construction can mark a phase

{'es': 'Fase', 'pt': 'Fase', 'it': 'Fase', 'en': 'Phase'}{'es': 'Patrón', 'pt': 'Padrão', 'it': 'Schema', 'en': 'Pattern'}{'es': 'Lectura', 'pt': 'Leitura', 'it': 'Lettura', 'en': 'Reading'}
Zustandin Bewegung seinsich bereits bewegen
Beginnin Bewegung geraten/kommenanfangen, sich zu bewegen
Verursachungetwas in Bewegung bringen/setzenbewirken, dass es sich bewegt
Bereitstellungetwas zur Verfügung stellenetwas verfügbar machen
Rezeptionetwas zur Kenntnis nehmenetwas bewusst registrieren

How it sounds

  • Die neuen Regeln treten am 1. Januar in Kraft.The core in Kraft refers to a rule being in force. The sentence describes the onset of that state. The onset construction is in Kraft treten, and the verb inflects like treten.
Three puzzle pairs link eine Entscheidung with treffen, eine Frage with stellen and Kritik with üben; a separate card shows in Betracht ziehen.
The learned unit includes noun, verb and construction.

Your turn

Two or three, to check that the bit above landed.

  1. Use this image

    Choose the conventional pairing: Die Leitung muss sofort Maßnahmen ___.

    ergreifen — The collocation is Maßnahmen ergreifen. The modal muss places the infinitive ergreifen at the end.

  2. Use this image

    A report needs to mark that a machine begins to move. Which formulation encodes that phase?

    Die Maschine gerät in Bewegung. — geraten marks entry into the state; sein expresses state and bringen causation.

  3. Use this image

    Rewrite with a simple verb while preserving the core meaning: Wir stellen die Unterlagen digital zur Verfügung.

    Wir machen die Unterlagen digital verfügbar. — zur Verfügung stellen presents an act of making available; verfügbar machen preserves that function. anbieten is acceptable where the context is provision or access.

What your own language pushes you to say

Wrong Wir nehmen heute eine Entscheidung.

Right Wir treffen heute eine Entscheidung.

The structure is grammatical, but nehmen is a calque from other languages. German selects treffen with Entscheidung.

Curriculum alignment and sources

Once it makes sense

Practise this: Words that look like yours and are not, and the ones that travel in pairsPractise this: eine Entscheidung treffen: the verb that lives inside the nounSubjective modals: deduction, possibility and sourceWritten, spoken and register-appropriate German